In those retreats, not only painting,
sculpture, engraving on metals, and mosaic, but also architecture were
cultivated. If the question arose about building a church, it was nearly
always an ecclesiastic who furnished the plan and monks who carried out
the works under his direction. The brethren in travelling from convent
to convent naturally exercised a reciprocal influence over each other.
We conceive, then, that the abbeys of any given Order would put in vogue
the same style, and that the art would be modified under certain points
of view, in the same manner in each country."
[33] _Hist. de l' Art Monumental_, p. 466, Paris, 1845, I. 8°.
"It is certain, moreover, that outside the cloisters there were also
troops of workmen not monastics, who laboured under the direction of the
latter."
"Masons were associated among them in the same way as other trade
corporations. It was the same with these corporations in the South as
with the communes--the _d?bris_ of the Roman organisation; they took
refuge in the Church, and had arrived at a condition of public life and
independence, when order was established between the commune, the
Seignory, and the Church."
"During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries these corporations were
organised into recognised fraternities having their own statutes, but
there is abundant evidence of their having a much earlier existence.
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