"[26]
[26] "L'Art et les Moines," _Ann. Arch?ologiques_, t. vi. p. 121, etc.
CHAPTER XVII
THE RISE OF GOTHIC ILLUMINATION
Germany the chief power in Europe in the twelfth century--Rise of
Italian influence--The Emmeram MSS.--Coronation of Henry II.--The
Apocalypse--The "Hortus Deliciarum"--Romanesque--MS. of Henry the
Lion--The Niederm?nster Gospels--Description of the MS.--Rise of
Gothic--Uncertainty of its origin--The spirit of the age.
In the chapter on Othonian art we saw how the ornamentation of books was
drawn away from the great French centres, and began to take a new
departure from the various leading cities of Germany, such as Bamberg,
which the Othos had made their capital. Whilst the decline, which was
the inevitable consequence of a personal government like that of
Charlemagne, took place in France, it was but natural that the new
artistic movement at Bamberg should become the fashion, and Germany
predominant in art, as she was in politics. In the twelfth century the
German Empire was the principal power in Europe. France, Italy, England,
and Spain were all more or less secondary. Italy, however, was already
on the alert. She was initiating certain movements in social life that
must soon withdraw the cultivation of all the arts from the control of
the monasteries.
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