The great order of the _Ungulates_ or Hoofed Quadrupeds is very
largely developed in strata of Miocene age, various new types
of this group making their appearance here for the first time,
whilst some of the characteristic genera of the preceding period
are still represented under new shapes. Amongst the Odd-toed
or "Perissodactyle" Ungulates, we meet for the first time with
representatives of the family _Rhinoceridoe_ comprising only
the existing Rhinoceroses. In India in the Upper Miocene beds
of the Siwalik Hills, and in North America, several species of
Rhinoceros have been detected, agreeing with the existing forms
in possessing three toes to each foot, and in having one or two
solid fibrous "horns" carried upon the front of the head. On
the other hand, the forms of this group which distinguish the
Miocene deposits of Europe appear to have been for the most part
hornless, and to have resembled the Tapirs in having three-toed
hind-feet, but four-toed fore-feet.
The family of the Tapirs is represented, both in the Old and
New Worlds, by species of the genus _Lophiodon_, some of which
were quite diminutive in point of size, whilst others attained
the dimensions of a horse. Nearly allied to this family, also,
is the singular group of quadrupeds which Marsh has described
from the Miocene strata of the United States under the name of
_Brontotheridoe_.
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