Proprietary colonies, in which an individual or syndicate held
under the crown a sort of feudal overlordship, were founded in
America: namely, Virginia, Maryland, Carolina, New York and New
Jersey in 1663, and Pennsylvania and Delaware in 1682. New
Hampshire was made a royal province in 1680 to cut off the
expansion of Massachusetts, which had been avoiding the trade
laws. These colonies were distinguished from the corporate
colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and Rhode
Island, which made their own arrangements for internal government
without a royal executive. Charles persuaded the Chancery Court to
declare the charter of Massachusetts void; it was given a new
charter in 1691 which made it a royal province. New York was made
a royal province in 1691. Maryland's proprietor gave way to a
royal governor in 1692. Soon all colonies except Rhode Island,
Connecticut, Pennsylvania were royal provinces, with governors
nominated by the Crown. This bringing of union to the colonies was
done for maintenance of order, to coordinate defense, and to
enforce trade laws.
In 1670, the Hudson's Bay Company was incorporated to engage in
fur trade with Indian trappers in the Hudson Bay and to find a
northwest passage to China.
In 1701 the founding of the "Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel in Foreign Parts" by the Church of England created many
missionaries in the colonies, where they called their churches
"Episcopalian".
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