From America came molasses, sugar, tobacco,
and dyes. The East India Company imported calico, silk, pepper,
spices, China tea, potions, and saltpeter. Tonnage of English
shipping doubled by 1688. Exports and imports increased 50% by
1700.
Parliament required an oath of allegiance to the new sovereigns
William and Mary from all those in public functions, including the
clergy. By extending this rule to the clergy, Parliament asserted
a supremacy of Parliament over the church. It also asserted a
supremacy over the king by requiring all monarchs to take a
coronation oath promising to govern according to the statutes,
laws, and customs of Parliament, to make judgments with law and
justice in mercy, and to maintain the Protestant religion
established by law.
Drinking of gin, which had first been made by a Flemish physician,
became popular under King William, who was Dutch. The year of his
accession, the gin monopoly ended.
England competed with other nations for land in the New World.
Carolina, named for Charles II, was colonized for commerce in
1663. The Episcopal Church, an analogue of the Church of England,
was established there by law. The whole coast became English after
war with the Netherlands gave New York, named for Charles II's
brother the Duke of York, and New Jersey to England in 1667.
Presbyterians and Baptists fled from religious tests and
persecutions in England to colonize New Jersey.
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