It did not include contracts between
merchants.
- - - Chapter 17 - - -
- Times: 1660-1702 -
The monarchy was restored and Charles II came to the throne. The
episcopacy of the bishops and the Book of Common Prayer were
restored. This book retained all its ceremonies, despite
opposition by the Presbyterians. The confiscated Royalist, church,
and Crown lands were ordered to be restored, and most were.
Charles II was presented with the traditional rights of choosing
his own Privy Council, ministers of state, and justices; making
foreign policy; controlling the armed forces; and approving
statutes. He was also presented with the power to call and dismiss
Parliament, but later, in 1694, a statute required that Parliament
be held at least once every three years, to avoid royal schemes of
non-parliamentary government. The House of Lords was reestablished
and there were again bishops in it, though fewer than before
(about 1/8 instead of about 1/3). There were 160 peers for the
next century. The House of Commons was elected in the usual way,
but without a king's writ. The Commons was composed mostly of
royalist established church members. Its leaders were important
members of the King's Privy Council.
The feudal tenures of the crown, such as knights' service, were
converted into free socage. They were discharged of homage,
reliefs, escuage, and aids.
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