The lord was fined 10,000 pounds.
James' council used torture to obtain information from accused
felons about possible conspiracies against him.
The ordinary administrative court of first instance is formed by
the single Justices of the Peace, who issue orders regarding
public safety, order, public morals, health, the poor, highways,
water, fields, forests, fisheries, trade, building, and fire, and
particularly begging and vagrancy as well as regulations of wages,
servants, apprentices, and day laborers. For more important
resolutions, the special sessions of the Justices of the Peace of
a hundred for a court of intermediate instance and appointed
overseers of the poor. All Justices of the Peace were present at
the quarter sessions, which were held at least four times a year,
and are primarily a court of appeal from penal sentences, but also
make the county rate, appoint county treasurers and county prison
and house of correction governors, regulate prices and wages,
settle fees of county officials, grant licenses for powder mills,
and register dissenting chapels. It heard appeals expressly
allowed by statute. The central courts also heard appeals by writ
of certiorari as to whether an administrative act was in
accordance with existing law, whether the court is competent, and
whether the administrative law has been rightly interpreted. This
writ of certiorari ceased in the 1700s.
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