Caesarian section
was attempted, but did not save the life of the mother.
Apprenticeship was the route to becoming a surgeon. A College of
Surgeons was founded. Students learned anatomy, for which they
received the corpses of four executed felons a year.
The apothecaries and grocers received a charter in 1607, but in
1618, the apothecaries were given the sole right to purchase and
sell potions, and to search the shops of grocers and stop the sale
by them of any potions. In London, the apothecaries were looked
over by the College of Physicians to see that they were not
selling evil potions or poisons. In 1618 was the first pharmacy
book.
There were three hospitals in London, two for the poor, and Bedlam
[Bethlehem] Hospital for the insane. Others were treated at home
or in the physician's home.
Theaters were shut down in times of plague to prevent spread of
disease there. Towndwellers who could afford it left to live in
the country.
Shakespeare wrote most of his plays. Most popular reading was
still Bibles, prayer books, psalm books, and devotional works.
Also popular were almanacs, which started with a single sheet of
paper. An almanac usually had a calendar; information on fairs,
roads, and posts; farming hints; popularized scientific knowledge;
historical information; sensational news; astrological
predictions; and later, social, political, and religious comment.
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