Most colleges were exclusively for
graduate fellows, though this was beginning to change. The
university took responsibility for the student's morals and
behavior and tutors sometimes whipped the undergraduates. For
young noblemen, a more important part of their education than
going to university was travel on the continent with a tutor. This
exposure to foreign fields was no longer readily available through
war or pilgrimage. The purpose was practical - to learn about
foreign people and their languages, countries, and courts.
Knowledge of the terrain, resources, prosperity, and stability of
their countries was particularly useful to a future diplomatic or
political career.
The physicians of London were incorporated to oversee and govern
the practice of medicine. A faculty of physicians was established
at Oxford and Cambridge. A Royal College of Physicians was founded
in London in 1518 by the King's physician. The College of
Physicians taught more practical medicine and anatomy than the
universities. Only graduates of the College of Physicians or of
Oxford or Cambridge were allowed to practice medicine or surgery.
Medical texts were Hippocrates and Galen. These viewed disease as
only part of the process of nature without anything divine. They
stressed empiricism, experience, collections of facts, evidences
of the senses, and avoidance of philosophical speculations.
Pages:
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558