.. I will
that he shall receive five marks yearly in the manner described
above for his maintenance, over and above the profit of the said
one hundred marks to him bequeathed, for the space of seven years;
and if he behave himself otherwise, I will that thereupon he be
excluded from the said five marks. And in case the said bequest of
200 marks [2,667s.] to him and his brother shall be annulled so
that he shall have nothing therefrom ... then the said 200 marks
shall be spent upon all the yearly chaplains who can be had to
celebrate divine service in the church of All Hallows for my
soul."
England was still an agricultural rather than a manufacturing
country. Imported were cloth, silks, linen, velvets, furs, glass,
wines, candles, millstones, amber, iron, and mercury. Exported
were wool, leather, lead, tin, and alabaster for sculpturing.
Merchant adventurers came to manufacture cloth good enough for
export and began to buy up raw wool in such quantity that its
export declined. They took their cloth abroad to sell, personally
or by agents.
An Oxford theologian and preacher, John Wyclif, voiced the popular
resentment of the materialism of the church, benefit of clergy,
immorality of priests, and the selling of indulgences and pardons.
Encouraged by the king, he argued against the supremacy of the
papal law over the King's courts and against payments to the
papacy.
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