sterling, at the four terms of
the year, namely: at St. John the Baptist's day 10s., at
Michaelmas 10s., at Christmas 10s., and at Easter 10s., for
all service, exaction, custom, and secular demand; saving to
us, nevertheless, attendance at our court of Castre every
three weeks, wardship, and relief, and outside service of
our lord the King, when they shall happen. And if it shall
happen that the said William or his heirs shall die at any
time without an heir, the said messuage, land rents, and
meadows with their appurtenances shall return fully and
completely to us and our successors. Nor will it be allowed
to the said William or his heirs to give, sell, alienate,
mortgage, or encumber in any way, the said messuage, land,
rents, and meadows, or any part of them, by which the said
messuage, land, rents, and meadows should not return to us
and our successors in the form declared above. And if this
should occur later, their deed shall be declared null, and
what is thus alienated shall come to us and our successors...
Given at Borough, for the love of Lord Robert of good
memory, once abbot, our predecessor and maternal uncle of
the said William, and at the instance of the good man,
Brother Hugh of Mutton, relative of the said abbot Robert,
A.D. 1278, on the eve of Pentecost."
Villeins who were released from the manorial organization by
commutation of their service for a money payment took the name of
their craft as part of their name, such as, for the manufacture of
textiles, Weaver, Draper, Comber, Fuller, Napper, Cissor, Tailor,
Textor; for metal-work, Faber, Ironmonger; for leatherwork,
Tanner; for woodwork, building and carpentry, Carpenter, Cooper,
Mason, Pictor; for food-production, Baker, Pistor.
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