" Historic examples involving violence of
this sort are the great railway strikes of 1877, when Pittsburgh,
Reading, Cincinnati, Chicago, and Buffalo were mob-ridden;
the strike of the steel-workers at Homestead, Pennsylvania, in
1892; the Pullman strike of 1894, when President Cleveland sent
Federal troops to Chicago; the great anthracite strike of 1902,
which the Federal Commission characterized as "stained with a
record of riot and bloodshed"; the civil war in the Colorado and
Idaho mining regions, where the Western Federation of Miners
battled with the militia and Federal troops; the dynamite
outrages, perpetrated by the structural iron workers, stretching
across the entire country, and reaching a dastardly climax in the
dynamiting of the Los Angeles Times building on October 1, 1910,
in which some twenty men were killed. The recoil from this
outrage was the severest blow which organized labor has received
in America. John J. McNamara, Secretary of the Structural Iron
Workers' Association, and his brother James were indicted for
murder. After the trial was staged and the eyes of the nation
were upon it, the public was shocked and the hopes of labor
unionists were shattered by the confessions of the principals. In
March, 1912, a Federal Grand Jury at Indianapolis returned
fifty-four indictments against officers and members of the same
union for participation in dynamite outrages that had occurred
during the six years in many parts of the country, with a toll of
over one hundred lives and the destruction of property valued at
many millions of dollars.
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